【藏品名称】：乾隆通宝
[collection name]: Qianlong Tongbao
【藏品类别】：钱币
[collection type]: Coins
【藏品简介】：雍正十三年（1735年），清高宗即位，改元乾隆。铸行“乾隆通宝”，要求仍重一钱二分，该钱书法铸工都比雍正时更为精美。最初清政府仍继续执行通货紧缩的政策。钱局较雍正时有所增减，首先在乾隆四年，停了宝河、宝巩、宝济三局，于乾隆五年时开宝福局，七年开宝桂局，十年开宝直局。乾隆朝以前的制钱不加锡，以铜、铅、锌配制，称之为“黄钱”，在乾隆五年规定在铸钱铜料之中加百分之二的锡，称为“青钱”。官方说是为杜绝私钱，实则无异于减重。“乾隆四十年时，私铸情况日盛，各省官员出现盗铸，政府对此无计可施，加上云南铜产量逐年递减，导致铜价飞涨，铸钱成本也随之水涨船高。清政府继而又采取了通货紧缩政策，先后停铸了宝直、大理、广西、临安等局，同时鼓励商人从海外进口铜材。但是这些措施未能从根本上解决问题，私铸虽有所减少，但官钱不见增加，民间交易缺钱，就出现了使用古钱的现象。到了乾隆五十年后，又相继开了宝直等局，同时放宽了铸钱的标准，所以导致乾隆后期制钱的质量参差不齐，大不如初的情况。
[introduction to the collection]: in the 13th year of Yongzheng (1735), Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty ascended the throne and changed to Qianlong of the Yuan Dynasty. Casting the "Qianlong Tongbao" requires that it still weighs one coin and two cents. The calligraphy and casting of the coin are more exquisite than that of Yongzheng. At first, the Qing government continued to implement the policy of deflation. The Qian Bureau increased or decreased compared with that of Yongzheng. First, in the fourth year of Qianlong, Baohe, Baogong and Baoji were stopped. In the fifth year of Qianlong, Baofu Bureau was opened, Baogui Bureau was opened in seven years and Baozhi Bureau was opened in ten years. Before the Qianlong Dynasty, money was made without Tin and made of copper, lead and zinc, which was called "yellow money". In the fifth year of Qianlong, it was stipulated to add 2% tin to the copper material for money casting, which was called "green money". Officials say it is to eliminate private money, but in fact it is tantamount to weight loss. "In the 40th year of Emperor Qianlong's reign, private casting was flourishing, and officials from all provinces stole casting. The government could do nothing about it. In addition, the copper production in Yunnan decreased year by year, which led to the soaring price of copper and the rising cost of casting money. The Qing government then adopted a deflationary policy, successively stopped casting Baozhi, Dali, Guangxi, Lin'an and other bureaus, and encouraged businessmen to import copper from overseas. However, this These measures failed to fundamentally solve the problem. Although private casting decreased, the official money did not increase, and private transactions were short of money, so the use of ancient money appeared. Fifty years after Qianlong, Baozhi bureaus were opened one after another, and the standard of money casting was relaxed. Therefore, the quality of money making in the later period of Qianlong was uneven.
乾隆当政60年，除了新疆几个钱局以外，陆陆续续共开设18个钱局（有的钱局设有“分公司”，这里就不说了），泉源武直陕，福桂云广川，昌晋苏浙黔，还有台济南。分别是宝泉局（户部京局）、宝源局（户部京局）、宝直局（直隶保定）、宝陕局（西安）、宝晋局（太原）、宝黔局（贵阳）、宝苏局（苏州）、宝浙局（浙江）、宝桂局（桂林）、宝川局（成都）、宝福局（福州）、宝台局（台湾，福建代铸）、宝昌局（南昌）、宝广局（广州）、宝云局（云南）、宝济局（济南）、宝武局（武昌）、宝南局（长沙）。
During the 60 years of Qianlong's reign, in addition to several money bureaus in Xinjiang, a total of 18 money bureaus were successively opened (some money bureaus have "branches", not to mention here), Quanyuan, Wuzhishan, Fugui, yunguangchuan, Changjin, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Guizhou, and Jinan. Baoquan Bureau (Beijing Bureau of Hubu), Baoyuan Bureau (Beijing Bureau of Hubu), Baozhi Bureau (Baoding, Zhili), Baoshan Bureau (Xi'an), Baojin Bureau (Taiyuan), Baoqian Bureau (Guiyang), Baosu Bureau (Suzhou), baozhe Bureau (Zhejiang), Baogui Bureau (Guilin), Baochuan Bureau (Chengdu), Baofu Bureau (Fuzhou), Baotai Bureau (Taiwan, Fujian Daizhu) and Baochang Bureau (Nanchang) , Baoguang Bureau (Guangzhou), Baoyun Bureau (Yunnan), Baoji Bureau (Jinan), Baowu Bureau (Wuchang), Baonan Bureau (Changsha).
清高宗乾隆皇帝于公元1735年即位，在位的60年里施展其“文治武功”的治国策略，创造了封建社会里最后一个辉煌盛世，之后民间便盛传佩带“乾隆通宝”铜钱可驱灾辟邪，又因乾隆二字谐音“钱隆”而备受后世藏家所喜爱。所谓母钱，就是古时翻铸大量钱币时，中央和地方财政所制作的标准 样板钱。
Emperor Qianlong, Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty, ascended the throne in 1735 A.D. during his 60 years in office, he exercised his "cultural and martial arts" strategy of governing the country, creating the last glorious era in the feudal society. Later, it was widely rumored that wearing "Qianlong Tongbao" copper coins could drive away disasters and evil spirits, and was loved by future collectors because the word Qianlong was homonymous with "Qianlong". The so-called mother money is the standard model money made by the central and local finance when a large number of coins were minted in ancient times.
铜块或锡、铅块直接雕刻成钱模，铸钱时用祖钱作模，翻铸母钱。这些母钱颁发到各地，各地则用母钱制范铸币。母钱钱的雕制是很精良的，如今所见雕母都是金黄色的铜制，是质地优良的铜材。铜雕母的钱文很精美，字口深竣。
Copper or tin or lead blocks are directly carved into money molds. When casting money, ancestral money is used as a mold to turn into mother money. These mother coins were issued to all localities, and all localities made fan coins with mother coins. The carving of mother money is very excellent. Now all the carving mothers are made of golden copper, which is a good copper material. The money inscriptions of the bronze carving mother are very exquisite and the words are deep.
雕母钱不见刀痕迹象，比同版流通的钱稍大些、厚重些。雕母钱被制成钱模后取走，工匠用熔化了的铜液浇铸在钱模上，待铸币冷却后开模，取出铸币加工打磨光洁即成。
There is no sign of knife marks on the carved mother money, which is slightly larger and heavier than the money circulating in the same edition. The carved mother coin is made into a coin mold and taken away. The craftsman casts the molten copper on the coin mold. After the coin cools, the mold is opened, the coin is taken out, processed and polished.
乾隆通宝”当时发行时间较长，乾隆的雕母和母钱因流传数量极少，现在以是收藏家们青睐的对象，具有很高的收藏价值。
"Qianlong Tongbao" was issued for a long time at that time. Due to the small number of Carved Mother coins and mother coins of Qianlong, they are now favored by collectors and have high collection value.
